References

Key sources supporting PFAS restrictions, test methods, and wildfire/haze context.

PFAS restrictions (Food packaging, 2025)

  • • Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) — “2025 PFAS prohibitions (Amara’s Law)” (effective Jan 1, 2025).
  • • Oregon Department of Environmental Quality — “Foodware containers with added PFAS... effective Jan. 1, 2025” (SB 543).
  • • U.S. FDA — “Market Phase-Out of Grease-Proofing Substances Containing PFAS” (updated Jan 3, 2025; notes timeline through June 2025).
  • • U.S. FDA — “35 Food Contact Notifications Related to PFAS are no longer effective” (Jan 3, 2025; compliance date June 30, 2025).
  • • Federal Register — “Food Contact Notifications That Are No Longer Effective” (Jan 6, 2025; compliance date June 30, 2025).

Test methods used in our validation plan

  • • TAPPI — “Standards Subject Index (11.2025)” (lists T 559 grease resistance; T 441 Cobb water absorptiveness).
  • • U.S. EPA — “SW-846 Test Method 1311: TCLP” (page updated Jul 22, 2025).

Wildfire & haze context (Thailand/region, 2025)

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